PIERRE MARCOUX (ALSO MARCOU) (1631-1699)

and

MARTHE DE RAINVILLE (1647-1721)

Pierre Marcoux and Marthe de Rainville are among our interesting ancestors, 6th great grandparents to Vernon, Lila, Edward, Valoie and Colleen.

 

According to information currently available (see http://home.earthlink.net/~douglasjgraham/Lineages.html and the database eMarcoux.net), all the living Marcou(x) of North America are descended from only two distinct lineages (note however that there are over 1000 "orphan lineages" of unknown origin so there are many surprises still to uncover!).

Pierre Marcou(x), b. 1631, Champagne, France

Jean Marcoux, b. abt 1722, Normandy, France

Other lines, without any known living Marcou(x) descendents

 

By far the main line of Marcoux in North America is that founded by Pierre Marcoux, born in France in the year 1631. Pierre was born in the village of Cry-sur-Armançon (or St-Julien), Champagne, son of Claude Marcoux and Marie Juneau. Apparently, the ancestral house of Claude Marcoux still exists. According to an inscription in the "Livre d'Or" of Beauport (by Christian Marcoux, written at the time a plaque was affixed to the ancestral Maison Marcoux in Beauport, cited by Patrick Marcoux, Communiqué No. 58), in May 1980 Charles Marcoux unveiled a plaque in honour of Pierre Marcoux and it was placed on the ancestral home. This Charles Marcoux was at that time a mayor of the Cry-sur-Armançon region. The inscription of Christian Marcoux goes on to indicate that this Charles was also a descendant of Claude Marcou but according to Patrick Marcoux (citing research carried out by Sylvie Biton), there is no proof of this. According to the book by Sylvie Ravet-Biton, in 1994 the children of Guy Marcoux of Québec (born 1924) added a commemorative plaque on the ancestral house. In September 2002, Patrick Marcoux (Communiqué No 59) cites Robert Biton of France, then visiting Québec City as saying that the ancestral home of Pierre Marcou was more or less abandoned and was falling in ruin.

 

Thanks to Patrick Marcoux (Communiqué No 16, 2002), we have an extract of several pages on the life of Pierre Marcou in France from an important new book. The full citation for the book is : Sylvie Ravet-Biton, Les Pionniers tonnerrois de la Nouvelle-France : Louis Ailleboust, 3e gouverneur de la Nouvelle-France : ses origines et les pionniers André, Clairambault, De Boulogne, Janis, Marcoux, Martin, Michaud, Thuot. Ancy-le-Franc, France: Société d'histoire et d'archéologie du Tonnerrois, 2000; 179 pages.

 

The study provides historical information on events in that area and leads her to suggest the circumstances under which Pierre might have struck off for a new life in Nouvelle-France. The text appears in the French version of the http://home.earthlink.net/~douglasjgraham/Lineages.html web page.

Pierre Marcoux built about 1670 the ancestral "Maison Marcoux", transmitted from generation to generation of Marcoux until 1990 and now an important historical site in Beauport.

The genealogist and historian Michel Langlois wrote a chapter on Pierre Marcoux for his 1984 book on the founding families of Beauport, Les Ancêtres Beauportois (1634-1760), published in Canada by the author in 1984; ASIN: 2980030503. The original text can also be consulted at the French version of Douglas J. Graham’s excellent Marcoux website. Below he provides an abridged translation:

Although it has not been found, it was undoubtedly through a three-year work contract [with the Seigneur Robert Giffard, grantee of Beauport] that Pierre Marcou came to New France. He is first recorded at Beauport 16 October 1655 in that year’s census. He owned at that time land north of the village of Fargy [part of Beauport].

Robert Giffard had established a commons for the grazing of livestock for his "habitants" for which in return they had to provide him several days of work per year. On 13 January 1660 Pierre Marcou was able to renounce this right as he already had enough cleared land to graze his own animals.

Although he had occupied his land at least since 1655, it was granted to him officially on 4 November 1658. It was behind the site of Fargy, neighbouring the land that would be later granted to Pierre Maillou.

Relatively few contracts have been recorded with the name of Pierre Marcou, but on those he was able to sign his own name. We find for example his signature [reproduced in the book by Langlois] on his own marriage contract, the 27 November 1661. On this contract we learn the names of his parents: "Claude Marcou and Marie Juinneau" of the parish "St-Jullien" of Champagne. He married Marthe de Rainville, daughter of Paul de Rainville and Rolline Poëte of Beauport. His wife brought to the marriage a dowry of 300 pounds as well as furniture, clothes and other commodities. Marthe also signed the contract but with a shaky unsure hand.

By the census of 1667, the Marcou lived on the same land at Beauport and had 2 livestock animals. The 15 September 1670 Joseph Giffard granted him another lot located between those of Nicolas Bélanger and Léonard Leblanc. Pierre efficiently worked these lands but leaving few other records of note. On 16 January 1673 he is one of the petitioners of Fargy demanding that Jean Gallop fence in his animals, as everyone else does. During all this time the children arrive at a regular rhythm such that by the census of 1681, there are already five mouths to feed. At that time he is noted as owning a rifle and 6 livestock animals.

Already in 1682, Louise, their oldest daughter, is of an age to marry [15], and contracts her marriage to Joachim Gagné. The marriage contract includes some very specific clauses in which Pierre and Marthe promise for a period of exactly three years to look after the newlyweds as if they were their own children, providing room and board and clothes. Pierre and Marthe also promise to pay them 300 pounds at the end of the three years. In return, Joachim Gagné and Louise promise to work for the profit of her parents.

The following year, 30 November 1683, Pierre Marcoux co-signs for the purchase of a lot of land for Joachim Gagné in front of the village of St-Michel, between the lands of Jean Lespinay and Jacques Ménard. Pierre promises to pay the cost of 150 pounds.

The years go by with little of note other than the marriages of their children and the births of their grandchildren. The 14 October 1686 a contract is signed in which Paul de Rainville gives 100 pounds to his grandson Pierre Marcoux [the second child of Pierre and Marthe of that name]. Martha’s parents would end their days on the land adjacent to that of their son-in-law Pierre Marcoux.

Pierre, wishing to make sure all his affairs are in order, on 15 February 1699 pays off his 300 pound obligation to his daughter Louise (from her wedding contract), then a widow of Joachim Gagné. Four months later, Pierre Marcoux died at Beauport and was buried there on 12 June 1699.

His widow survived him another 22 years. The inventory of goods at his death provided a total of 1,655 pounds of which half was to go to Marthe and the other half to his other heirs. A new inventory of goods was done after Marthe’s death. A total of 887 pounds is divided between her heirs.

NOTE: On page 410 Tanguay, Volume 1, the spelling is Marcoux. The Jetté notes he was 78 at his death but this must be an error because from other census dates we know he was born about 1731. Birthplace is also listed as Saint-Julien de Croy, Avallon, Comte de Tonnerre, France.

Again, highly recommended for further review is www.emarcoux.net and http://home.earthlink.net/~douglasjgraham/Lineages.html  and the main page at http://home.earthlink.net/~douglasjgraham/eMarcouxHome.html where there is much further information on Pierre Marcoux and his lines.

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